PBuilder and Cowdancer
零、前言
之前我介紹過在 Fedora 底下使用 mock 來 Chroot Build 套件
那麼，在 Ubuntu 底下有什麼好用的工具呢？
我找到了 PBuilder and Cowdancer
底下是我最近在使用 Pbuilder and Cowdancer 的一些心得
一、簡介
1.pbuilder 即 Personal Builder，是一個在私人環境下自動化打包套件的系統，會建立一
個 Chroot System，然後在 Chroot 環境裡 Build Package
2.pdebuild is a wrapper for Debian Developers, to allow running pbuilder just like “debuild”, as a normal user.
3.cowdancer is a Copy-on-write directory tree utility.
4.cow-shell command invokes a shell session. Within that session, under the directory cow-shell was invoke, cowdancer will create a new file when existing i-nodes are opened for
write.
5.cowbuilder command is a wrapper for pbuilder which allows using pbuilder-like interface over cowdancer environment.
二、安裝
sudo apt-get install pbuilder cowdancer
不過 Ubuntu Dapper 裡的 pbuilder 及 cowdancer 都太舊了，很多新的功能都不能用
所以我只好去 Edgy 裡 ‘借’ 比較新版的 pbuilder cowdancer debootstrap 來用
在我的 APT Repository 裡有放我包好給 dapper 用的新版本
三、設定
編輯設定檔 /etc/pbuilderrc 或 ~/.pbuilderrc
我有修改的部份如下:
MIRRORSITE=http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu OTHERMIRROR="deb http://cle.linux.org.tw/candyz/Ubuntu i386/|deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse|deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse" BUILDRESULT=~/TMP/ COMPONENTS="main restricted universe multiverse" DISTRIBUTION=dapper DEBEMAIL="Chung-Yen Chang" DEBBUILDOPTS="-k0x476A8659" BUILDUSERID=1000 BUILDUSERNAME=candyz PDEBUILD_PBUILDER=cowbuilder
四、使用
在使用之前，請先編輯好設定檔，看是要哪一個版本，相關路徑指定好
1.建立 Chroot 的環境
pbuilder create
或是
cowbuilder --create
建議使用 “cowbuilder –create” 來取代 “pbuilder create”，速度比較快一點
2.更新 Chroot 環境
pbuilder update
或是
cowbuilder --update
3.進入 Chroot 的環境
pbuilder login
或是
cowbuilder --login
4.進入 Chroot 的環境並執行指令
pbuilder execute
或是
cowbuilder --execute
5.開始打包套件
pbuilder --build pcmanfm_0.3.0.2-0candyz1.dsc or cd pcmanfm-0.3.0.2 pdebuild --auto-debsign --debsign-k 0x476A8659
或是
cowbuilder --build pcmanfm_0.3.0-0candyz1.dsc or cd pcmanfm-0.3.0.2 pdebuild --auto-debsign --debsign-k 0x476A8659
大致上就是這樣
五、結語
pbuilder 使用起來，沒有 Fedora 上的 mock 方便，我想同時打包 dapper and edgy 的套件時，也有點麻煩
為了方便在 dapper 及 edgy 的 Chroot 環境下切換，於是我寫了一支小小的 shell script 來用:
$ cat mock
#!/bin/bash
clear
if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then
echo
echo "Usage: $0 [Distribution] [Operation] [Options]"
echo
ls -1d /var/cache/pbuilder/base.cow*
echo
exit 0
fi
DIST="$1"
OPER="$2"
shift
shift
OPTS="$@"
cd && ln -sf .pbuilderrc-$DIST .pbuilderrc
if [ "$DIST" = "dapper" ]; then
echo
echo "Checking dapper..."
if [ -d /var/cache/pbuilder/base.cow-dapper ]; then
mv /var/cache/pbuilder/base.cow /var/cache/pbuilder/base.cow-edgy
mv /var/cache/pbuilder/base.cow-dapper /var/cache/pbuilder/base.cow
fi
fi
if [ "$DIST" = "edgy" ]; then
echo
echo "Checking edgy..."
if [ -d /var/cache/pbuilder/base.cow-edgy ]; then
mv /var/cache/pbuilder/base.cow /var/cache/pbuilder/base.cow-dapper
mv /var/cache/pbuilder/base.cow-edgy /var/cache/pbuilder/base.cow
fi
fi
if [ "$OPER" = "" ]; then
echo
echo "Switch to $DIST OK."
echo "Now you can type 'pdebuild' to build."
echo
else
/usr/sbin/cowbuilder $OPER $OPTS
fi
我的設定檔分別是 ~/.pbuilderrc-dapper (for Dapper) 及 ~/.pbuilderrc-edgy (for Edgy)
然後用 link 的方式來決定要用哪一個
而 Chroot 的環境分別是 /var/cache/pbuilder/ 下的 base.cow-dapper (for Dapper) 及 base.cow-edgy (for Edgy)
mock 的用法:
$ mock
Usage: /root/bin/mock [Distribution] [Operation] [Options] /var/cache/pbuilder/base.cow /var/cache/pbuilder/base.cow-edgy
切換到 dapper or edgy 的環境
$ mock dapper
Checking dapper... Switch to dapper OK. Now you can type 'pdebuild' to build.
或是
$ mock edgy
Checking edgy... Switch to edgy OK. Now you can type 'pdebuild' to build.
然後再直接下 ‘pdebuild’ 指令來打包即可
mock 預設是呼叫 cowbuilder 指令
所以，也可以直接使用:
$ mock dapper –create
$ mock dapper –update
$ mock edgy –login
等指令
附錄、pbuilder and cowdancer 的指令語法
1.pbuilder
pbuilder - a personal builder Copyright 2001-2006 Junichi Uekawa Distributed under GNU Public License version 2 or later pbuilder [operation] [pbuilder-options] pdebuild [pdebuild-options] -- [pbuilder-options] command lines: pbuilder create [--basetgz base.tgz-path] [--distribution sarge|etch|sid|experimental] Creates a base.tgz pbuilder update [--basetgz base.tgz-path] [--distribution sarge|etch|sid|experimental] Updates a base.tgz pbuilder build [--basetgz base.tgz-path] pbuilder_2.2.0-1.dsc Builds using the base.tgz. Requires a .dsc filename pbuilder clean Cleans the temporal build directory. pbuilder login pbuilder execute -- [command] [command-options] Logs in to the build environment and execute command. pbuilder dumpconfig Dumps configuration information to stdout for debugging. pbuilder-options: --basetgz [base.tgz location] --buildplace [location of build] --mirror [mirror location] --othermirror [other mirror location in apt deb-line format, delimited with | signs] --http-proxy [proxy] --distribution [distribution(sarge|sid|etch|experimental)] --buildresult [location-to-copy-build-result] --aptcache [location of retrieved package files] --removepackages [packages-to-remove on pbuilder create] --extrapackages [packages-to-add on pbuilder create] --configfile [configuration file to load] --hookdir [hook directory] --debemail [mail address] --debbuildopts [dpkg-buildpackage options] --logfile [filename to output log] --pkgname-logfile --aptconfdir [overriding apt config dir] --timeout [timeout time] --override-config --binary-arch --preserve-buildplace --bindmounts [bind-mount-point] --debug --autocleanaptcache --debootstrapopts [debootstrap options] --save-after-login/--save-after-exec --debootstrap [debootstrap|cdebootstrap] pdebuild-specific pbuilder-options: --pbuilderroot [command to obtain root privilege for pbuilder] --buildsourceroot [command to obtain root privilege for dpkg-buildpackage] --use-pdebuild-internal --auto-debsign --debsign-k [keyid]
2.cowbuilder
cowbuilder [operation] [options] operation: --build --create --update --login --execute --help options: --basepath: --buildplace: --distribution:
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